Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome

ROME (ROMA)

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At the death of Domiziano, to avoid political discontinuity, the transmission of power was established through the principle of adoption which substituted that of inheritance. Nerva (96-98), Traiano (98-117) who conquered Dacia (land of the Daci or Getae) and Arabia, Adriano (117-38) which reinforced the possession in Britannia (vallo di Adriano), Antonino Pio (138-61) and Marco Aurelio (161-80) were examples of political capacity and wise administration.
The principality returned to inheritance with the succession of Marco Aurelio Commodo’s son (180-92). The high military costs to protect the borders, famine and pestilence; to which the civil war between the military for the succession of the throne was added, weakened the Empire. During the term of Settimio Severo (193-211), notwithstanding the administrative and army reform, a profound crisis began, which continued right up to the term of Diocleziano (284-305). With the constitution antoniniana (Latin: "Constitution (or Edict) of Antoninus") of Caracalla (212) (whose real name was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), an opportunity was given to all subjects of the Empire allowing them Roman citizenship, therefore putting into action the livelling and balancing of the huge territorial organism towards its formal completion. In the meantime, the diffusion of Christianity amongst the ruling classes and that of the same imperial court, accepting Church rule as its main purpose of life, not only religious but also ethical, was a dangerous adversary, which the Emperors battled against by use of continued persecution.
After the reform of Diocleziano which defined a new territorial and administrative Imperial Asset by separating military and civil powers and placing its basis by use of tetrarchy, the division of the Empire in the Occidental and Oriente areas and the recognition of Christianity, or at least the legally tolerated religion religio licita (Milan edition, 313) apart from that of Costantino (306-337), the Western Empire saw the reinforcement of the authority of the Roman Church and progressive economic and political decline. Reunified by the same Costantino, the Empire was divided yet again by Teodosio (379-395) between his sons Onorio (395—423) and Arcadio. The continual infiltration of the German population, the solidarity offered them by the servile classes and farmers burdened by high fiscal pressures, the feuds between the proprietors of provincial land and the military army commandants, weakened the border defence which left her open to invasion by the Unni and Goti (pillage of Rome by Alarico, 410) until the deposition of Romolo Augustolo (476) brought about by Erulo Odoacre. The constitution of the Roman-Barbaric kingdoms, in particular that of the Italian peninsular touched by the Ostrogoth Teodorico, who in 493 deprived Odacre of all authority, favoured the rise of Papal power around the conspicuous ecclesiastic patrimony. Many bloody political and religious conflicts broke out regarding the election of the pontiff. Disturbed by the Greek-Gothic war, Rome underwent a drastic demographic and territorial decline. Occupied by the Byzantine General Narsete (552), the City recovered under the Papacy of Gregorio Magno (590-604) therefore freeing itself from the oriental (eastern) interference after the Monotelita schism (2nd half of the 7th Century) and the popular revolt of 725 and 726-29. In 754, to face the Longobards aim of expansion, the Papacy began a political alliance with the French (Pipino, King of France, became Patrician of the Romans) culminating in the recognition by Rome of that part of the church and universal monarchy (Coronation of Carlo Magno, Natale 800); due to this a vast dominion in central Italy was formed under a Pontifical authority (Church State).

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ROME
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Lazio (Latium) region of Italy
 

Barcaccia at Spanish Steps, Rome
BARCACCIA'S FOUNTAIN

Ponte Sisto on Tiber, Rome
PONTE SISTO ON TIBER

Vittoriano Monument, Rome
VITTORIANO
 

 


 

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ART TRAVEL LINK - SELECTED WEB SITES

B&B Buonarroti - Basilica di S. Maria Maggiore in Rome B&B Buonarroti - www.buonarrotihome.com
Bed & Breakfast nearby Piazza Vittorio and Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore. Comfortable rooms and interesting offers...
[<< Click on the pic to read the B&B's description]
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Ares Rooms - Basilica di S. Maria Maggiore in Rome Ares Rooms - www.aresrooms.com
Friendly B&B located close to the Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore. Cheap and elegant rooms with private bathroom...
[<< Click on the pic to read the B&B's description]
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b&b Monti House - near Roman Forums Monti House - www.montihouse.com
Cozy and comfortable b&b inside Rione Monti, close to Roan Forums and Colosseum. Cheap rooms with air conditioning and private bathroom...
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B&B City House - near the  Pantheon City House - www.pantheonhouse.com
B&B elegantly furnished only few steps far from the Pantheon and Piazza Navona inside the historica centre of Rome. Rooms with private bathroom and all facilities...
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B&B Il Sogno - inside Trastevere B&B Il Sogno - www.ilsognoditrastevere.com
New bed & breakfast offering comfortable rooms with private bathroom located inside the characteristical Trastevere district. Very well connected with public transports...
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Apartments for rentals in Rome - www.romecityapartments.com
It offers a wide range of apartments in Rome Italy. A good alternative to 3 and 4 stars hotels having also the possibility to relax cooking...
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In Rome Today - Guide of Rome - http://www.inrometoday.it
Rome Web Guide to discover museums and exhibitions, hotels and restaurants.
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Rome Booky - Apartments in Rome - http://www.romebooky.com
Apartments and B&Bs ready for short rental period in all the districts of Rome: secure on line bookings.
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Charming Hotels in Rome Italy - http://www.inromehotels.com
Rome Hotels Directory: choose your hotel, B&B and apartment in Rome by location, fee or category: secure bookings.
  • ... ask to put your link here
 

b&b Monti House - near Roman Forums Monti House - www.montihouse.com
Cozy and comfortable b&b inside Rione Monti, close to Roan Forums and Colosseum. Cheap rooms with air conditioning and private bathroom...
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B&B City House - near the  Pantheon City House - www.rome-bed-breakfast-pantheon-house.com
B&B elegantly furnished only few steps far from the Pantheon and Piazza Navona inside the historica centre of Rome. Rooms with private bathroom and all facilities...
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B&B Il Sogno - inside Trastevere B&B Il Sogno - www.ilsognoditrastevere.com
New bed & breakfast offering comfortable rooms with private bathroom located inside the characteristical Trastevere district. Very well connected with public transports...
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B&B Buonarroti - Basilica di S. Maria Maggiore in Rome B&B Buonarroti - www.buonarrotihome.com
Bed & Breakfast nearby Piazza Vittorio and Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore. Comfortable rooms and interesting offers...
[<< Click on the pic to read the B&B's description]
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Ares Rooms - Basilica di S. Maria Maggiore in Rome Ares Rooms - www.aresrooms.com
Friendly B&B located close to the Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore. Cheap and elegant rooms with private bathroom...
[<< Click on the pic to read the B&B's description]
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In Rome Today - Guide of Rome - http://www.inrometoday.it
Rome Web Guide to discover museums and exhibitions, hotels and restaurants.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rome Booky - Apartments in Rome - http://www.romebooky.com
Apartments and B&Bs ready for short rental period in all the districts of Rome: secure on line bookings.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charming Hotels in Rome Italy - http://www.inromehotels.com
Rome Hotels Directory: choose your hotel, B&B and apartment in Rome by location, fee or category: secure bookings.
  • ... ask to put your link here
 


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